Design Theories and Models (Prescriptive)
Design Theories and Models (Prescriptive) include:
- **ADDIE Model of Instructional Design** (developer unknown)
- **ARCS Model of Motivational Design** (developed by Keller)
- **Elaboration Theory** (developed by Reigeluth)
- **ADDIE Model of Instructional Design** (developer unknown)
- **ARCS Model of Motivational Design** (developed by Keller)
- **Elaboration Theory** (developed by Reigeluth)
ADDIE Model of Instructional Design
Overview: The ADDIE Model of Instructional Design is a systematic instructional design consisting of 5 different phases: Analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. This model works great for lesson planning and understanding what works in a lesson.
Analysis: Can identify the learning goals, objectives, existing knowledge, learning environment and constraints/special considerations.
Design: Using the information to analysis to plan out how to deliver the lesson information.
Development: Actually creating the lesson and acquiring all of the necessary materials.
Implementation: Put the plan into action and teach the lesson to the students.
Evaluation: Evaluate the job that you did and how effective the lesson was with the students. Here proper revisions and modifications can be done.
When it works: The ADDIE Model of Instructional Design is a process that can always be used to develop and design lesson plans. As a group, we felt that this model is always useful.
When it doesn't work: The ADDIE Model of Instructional Design doesn't work when you recycle or reuse lesson plans. It is a process that needs to be used when you are designing a brand new lesson.
Analysis: Can identify the learning goals, objectives, existing knowledge, learning environment and constraints/special considerations.
Design: Using the information to analysis to plan out how to deliver the lesson information.
Development: Actually creating the lesson and acquiring all of the necessary materials.
Implementation: Put the plan into action and teach the lesson to the students.
Evaluation: Evaluate the job that you did and how effective the lesson was with the students. Here proper revisions and modifications can be done.
When it works: The ADDIE Model of Instructional Design is a process that can always be used to develop and design lesson plans. As a group, we felt that this model is always useful.
When it doesn't work: The ADDIE Model of Instructional Design doesn't work when you recycle or reuse lesson plans. It is a process that needs to be used when you are designing a brand new lesson.
ARCS Model of Motivational Design
Overview: According to John Keller’s ARCS Model of Motivational Design, there are four steps for promoting and sustaining motivation in the learning process: Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction (ARCS).
When it works: The ARCS Model of Motivational Design works well when you can relate the subject to students lives (for interest purposes).It is always a goal of ours as teachers to relate any subject to students interests and that's why we should really try to use this model.
When it doesn't work: Does not work when there is no common group for student interests.You may run into this as not all of your students will have a common interest. This is where as teachers we need to try to relate to all students at some point throughout the course. It can still be useful if you focus on a different interest when you teach a concept at different points throughout the course.
When it works: The ARCS Model of Motivational Design works well when you can relate the subject to students lives (for interest purposes).It is always a goal of ours as teachers to relate any subject to students interests and that's why we should really try to use this model.
When it doesn't work: Does not work when there is no common group for student interests.You may run into this as not all of your students will have a common interest. This is where as teachers we need to try to relate to all students at some point throughout the course. It can still be useful if you focus on a different interest when you teach a concept at different points throughout the course.
Elaboration Theory
Overview: Elaboration Theory is an instructional design theory that argues that content to be learned should be organized from simple to complex order, while providing a meaningful context in which subsequent ideas can be integrated.
When it works: Elaboration Theory is useful for math in general. You cannot go ahead and teach a harder concept before the basics.The basics are essential for students to have. Once they have the basics understood, than you can elaborate on the concept and move into harder problems.
When it doesn't work: Elaboration Theory does not work when there is nothing to elaborate on- i.e for the basics.
When it works: Elaboration Theory is useful for math in general. You cannot go ahead and teach a harder concept before the basics.The basics are essential for students to have. Once they have the basics understood, than you can elaborate on the concept and move into harder problems.
When it doesn't work: Elaboration Theory does not work when there is nothing to elaborate on- i.e for the basics.